The European Parliament has approved the 17/12 with a large majority climaenergia the package, the famous
20-20-20. The first objective of the package, with the Directive
ETS (Emission Trading Scheme) is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 21% in 2020 compared to 2005
in the fields of transport, agriculture and construction. Provides an auction system, the
2013, for the purchase of emission allowances, whose revenues will finance measures
emission reduction and adaptation to climate change. Today CO2 allowances are allocated free of charge and
pay only in case of exceeding the prescribed ceiling,
some Eastern European countries, however, will pay 100% of emissions in the energy sector only
from 2020. For the other sectors will be the responsibility of governments instead. Vo
The second objective is to reach 20% energy savings and the third is to
increase the share of renewable energies to 20% of final energy consumption by 2020.
Renewable energy sources are those non-fossil sources such as wind,
solar, geothermal, aerothermal, hydrothermal, ocean energy, hydro, biomass, sewage gas
sewage treatment and biogas. Currently the share of energy Renewable
the total energy consumption in Italy is 5.2% that the national target set by Directive
leads to 17%. For other "big countries' current consumption and the share target
are, respectively, as follows: Germany 5.8 and 18%, Spain 8.7 and 20%, France 10.3
and 23%, Poland 7, 2:15%, UK 1.3 and 15%.
order to better achieve the objective, Member States should promote and encourage energy efficiency.
Two or more Member States will also cooperate on all types of joint projects for
production of renewable energy in the form of electricity, heat and cold. For the purposes of compliance with the objectives
field of renewables, such cooperation, which may include
private operators, should cover projects in their territory and put into service after the entry into force of Directive
or by the increased capacity of a renovated facility.
The directive also establishes a number of conditions that, for the
purposes of calculating the target, can be taken into account
the production of electricity made
a third country. For example, it is necessary that the electricity is consumed in the EU and
is produced from a plant to become operational
or is enhanced after the entry into force of
measure. A member state may
also ask the Commission to take into account, under certain conditions
, renewable energy produced and consumed in
a third country in the construction of a interconettore
between the Member State and the third country.
In any event, Member States should adopt an action plan setting out the objectives
national share of renewable energy in transport, electricity and heating and cooling
in 2020, taking into account the effects of
other policies relating to energy efficiency, and measures to be taken to achieve these objectives,
including cooperation between local and national authorities, joint planning, political
national development of biomass resources for the exploitation of existing and new resources
biomass. The action plan must be submitted to the Commission by 30 June 2010
.
About the cost of the package, the Commission estimates that there are 91 billion for 2020, including 8
for Italy, against the winds assumed previously. The savings for the import of hydrocarbons
is estimated at 50 billion and 10 billion for the reduction in pollution. A
these benefits should be added to the economic innovation of the industrial system and
opening new markets, which will create new jobs in Europe.
Alessandro Zunino
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